Internet Pornography, the ACLU, and Congress Essay

Internet Porn, the ACLU, and Congress Ashcroft vs. ACLU, 00-1293, deals with a challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), which Congress passed in 1998. The law, which is the subject of this essay, attempts to protect minors from exposure to Internet pornography by requiring that commercial adult websites containing indecent material that is harmful to minors use age-verification mechanisms such as credit cards or adult identification numbers.(Child) An earlier version of the law -- the 1996 Communications Decency Act -- was struck down as an unconstitutional restriction of free speech when challenged by the ACLU; the 1998 version attempted to address the constitutional concerns by limiting its scope to†¦show more content†¦Beeson argued before the court that if COPA goes into effect, her clients, and others like them, would censor themselves by keeping certain material off the Web. What its effectively going to do is drive a certain category of speech protected for adults from the marketplace of ideas that is the Web, Beeson said. The governments brief claims that COPAs age verification mechanisms are constitutional because they parallel state display laws that require local stores to place pornographic material that is harmful to minors behind blinder racks, in sealed wrappers, in opaque covers or behind the counter -- laws that have been upheld by state and appellate courts. At oral argument, the justices questions focused on how the community standards requirement could apply to the Internet: Would it be possible for a North Carolina jury ... to decide whether a particular pornographic transmission would offend the standards of Las Vegas or New York City? Justice Antonin Scalia asked Solicitor General Theodore Olson. Olson replied that juries should be instructed to use a national standard when evaluating whether online material is harmful to minors. He said that he believed that the statute could be interpreted so that the community addressed is consideredShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Fight Against Child Pornography2339 Words   |  10 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In recent years, pornography has established itself as perhaps the most controversial topic arising out of the use of the Internet. The easy availability of this type of sexually explicit material has caused a panic among government officials, family groups, religious groups and law enforcement bodies and this panic has been perpetuated in the media.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the unique challenges to regulating or settling on the appropriate way to regulate is that there is no concrete definitionRead MoreThe United States Constitution Vs. American Civil Liberties Union798 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) did shed some insight on the laws and how they can be interpreted. This paper will discuss the criminal statute issues, issues with the provisions of the Constitution, and the status of criminal prosecution for transmission of pornography over the internet. With the hopes of having a clearer understanding of Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union. The First Amendment was a key component in Reno v. ACLU. It states that Congress shall make no law abridging theRead MoreCensorship Is Not Limited Repressive Regimes Or Network Television?1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmusic and as students we see the internet being heavily censored in school. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was signed into law in 2000; the law requires any public schools or library to filter any inappropriate content from the computers being used by minors. Since the law has been put in place, schools across America have installed programs that use keywords to designate certain types of websites off-limits to students while using the schools internet server. The problem with theseRead MorePornography and the New Media Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesPornography and New Media Pornography, depending on how one defines it, has existed for thousands of years in the forms of picture, sculpture, performance, and writing. Over the centuries the advent of new media has broadened the flow of distribution of pornography and erotica to the masses, making it readily accessible. From the printing press, to photography, to film, each new medium has provoked a call for censorship from concerned citizens during the early stages of its existence. PornographyRead More The Urgent Need for Internet Censorship Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe Urgent Need for Internet Censorship       With the increasing popularity of the Internet, especially among children, parents and others have been concerned that young people have easy access to a wide range of pornography available online. They have pointed out that it is a relatively easy maneuver for children to call up salacious material at home or in libraries--simply by searching for key words like porn or sex. The purpose of this paper is to amplify on this subject of the need forRead MoreEssay on BIG Brother and the Internet4373 Words   |  18 PagesBIG Brother and the Internet The Internet invention has most certainly opened many doors for a faster, more efficient educational medium. One can find information about almost everything, discussions range from daily issues to highly academic and scientific issues. It has indeed helped this generation to be much more productive and efficient. The vast web of electronic media that connects us is heralding a new age of communications. New digital networks offer a tremendous potential to empowerRead MoreIn Order To Measure The Legal Realm Of Social Media, It1616 Words   |  7 Pages In order to measure the legal realm of social media, it is first important to understand the amendment that covers the freedom of speech: The First Amendment. The First Amendment specifically states in the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceab ly to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievancesRead MoreEssay about We Should NOT Censor Internet Pornography1331 Words   |  6 Pages Pornography is an age-old phenomenon that has been under much modern-day scrutiny. With the recent proliferation of online pornography, possible social ramifications of sexually explicit material on uncontrolled mediums have become the subjects of intense debate. Proponents of a liberal approach toward pornography argue that access to online smut is a constitutionally protected freedom and a harmless diversion that serves to satisfy curiosity and relieve sexual tensions.5 Opponents of this viewRead MoreIs Censorship By Government Justified?1497 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst amendment,† Congress might make no law†¦ restricting the free work out†¦ of speech, or of the press. Therefore, any activity that frustrates the media or people from getting data out encroaches upon their rights. Moreover, in cases like national security letters where there is a prevention of recipients letter and are disclosed with the message of getting received by the government and on that censor ship should exhibit but though they are continued doing it.(ACLU, In ACLU). In addition, theRead More Free Speech on the Internet v. United States Constitution Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pages The internet became a very popular and huge way of getting millions of different kinds of materials and information for everyday use in the later 80s early 90s. It became easy for anyone to access millions of different kinds of materials ninety nine percent of which is decent according to our governments standards and one or less percent which is considered to be material the is indecent or harmful to minors.(ABC) These facts maybe deceiving however because there are millions of internet sites

Existentialism And Human Emotions By Jean Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre s novel Existentialism and Human Emotions discusses his philosophy that man is responsible for what he is and what he does; that man chooses his values and makes himself. At the beginning of the book, Sartre defends existentialism against several charges that had been laid against it. Throughout the book, Sartre refers to the basis of existentialism using the phrase ‘existence precedes essence . With this, phrase lies the basis for the argument that Existentialism is a Humanism. In this essay, I shall attempt to explore and evaluate Sartre s argument that existentialism is a humanism by unpacking what is meant by ‘existence precedes essence . I will argue that although the overall argument tends to be a good one, there are several points which could have been improved upon. In order to understand how it is that existentialism is a humanism, it is first necessary to understand what both of these terms mean. Humanism is generally referred to as a phi losophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, both individually and collectively, placing a higher value on reason, scientific inquiry and human fulfillment while often rejecting the importance of a belief in a higher power or deity. Existentialism, according to Sartre, is a doctrine which makes human life possible and, in addition, declares that every truth and every action implies a human setting and subjectivity (Sartre, 10). Another way of putting itShow MoreRelatedJean Paul : The Philosopher Of The Twentieth Century1387 Words   |  6 Pages Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre is arguably the best known philosopher of the twentieth century. He was born in Paris France on June 21st in the year 1905, and died on April 15th 1980 at age 74. He was a French philosopher, novelist, literary critic, playwright, political activist and biographer. Jean-Paul attended the École Normale Supà ©rieure from 1924-1929 and became the professor of philoso phy in 1931 at Le Havre. He is a well known figure in the philosophy of Essentialism and Phenomenology,Read More Jean-Paul Sartre: On the Other Side of Despair3090 Words   |  13 PagesJean-Paul Sartre: On the Other Side of Despair    In an age of modern pessimism and inauthentic, insignificant existence, Jean-Paul Sartre clearly stands out amongst the masses as a leading intellectual, a bastion of hope in the twentieth century. Confronting anguish and despair, absurdity and freedom, nihilism and transcendence, Sartre totalized the twentieth century... in the sense that he was responsive with theories to each of the great events he lived through as Arthur C. Danto commentedRead MoreTechnology On Our Generation s Future1239 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology dating back to 1943 when the first computer was created by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, and still has a major impact on our lives while still advancing every day (Computerhope). Technology has had both a negative and positive impact on human lives, although to a certain extent technology has gotten out of hand. In this essay, I will argue how technology plays a huge role in the future of our generation, and the positive and negative effects it will have on our generation’s future. MilitaryRead MoreEssay on Existentialism in Night1014 Words   |  5 PagesExistentialism in Night In his essay â€Å"Existentialism†, Jean Paul Sartre discusses the main beliefs of existentialism. Perhaps the most important belief of existentialism is that there is no human nature, and there is no God. This means that each individual man has control of his own destiny. The definition of each individual man is the sum of his life and all he has accomplished in his life. He is also responsible for all the choices and actions he makes in his life. These typesRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1342 Words   |  6 Pagesexistentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, three characters are placed in a small room assumed to be hell with minimal furniture, space, and points of interest. The two women and one man are forced to face their own as well as the others’ sins and true natures, exposing each other in a raw truth. In many of his works, Sartre attempts to get important messages across that coincide with his philosophies. A piece that is easy to use to compare with the play is the essay The Humanism in Existentialism, as everythingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Dance Of America By Lorrie Moore2264 Words   |  10 Pagesbed. Freedom is living as one wants to live. Throughout life, one tends to live just as they please; they live freely. As one chooses to live freely, they create their own essence-the reason that they exist. Throughout the story, many themes of existentialism are present. The narrator has to choose whether or not to stay at her hotel. She also makes the commitment to teach others about dance. Many would say her good friend, Cal, should feel dread in his life. He lives in an old run down fraternityRead MoreExistentialism, By Jean Paul Sartre1927 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosopher JP Sartre As a human beings, we have many choices that we need to make on a daily basis throughout our entire lives as well. Those choices that we make, may have consequences and may affect us or our family members in the long run. Therefore, throughout my essay I will give a summary from Jean Paul Sartre’s â€Å"Ethical Authenticity,† in chapter 10 and the â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism,† his primary reading. I will also be answering the questions to the primary readings. Jean Paul Sartre was aRead MoreSartres Existentialism1745 Words   |  7 PagesShortcomings of Sartre’s Existentialism [1] Philosophy is the manner in which we describe the world around us. We develop our moral code and way of life based off of this definition, so the philosophy that we adhere to is a guiding factor in the way in which we live. In his speech â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism, † Jean-Paul Sartre defends his philosophy, existentialism, against its critics by arguing that for human existence, precedes essence (20) because we have free will. Due to this, our essenceRead MoreThe Concept of Bad Faith in the Philosophy of Sartre1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe Concept of ‘Bad Faith’ in the Philosophy of Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre was the French philosopher and a versatile thinker and writer. He is today known for two systematic and extraordinary works in the field of philosophy. Besides these two phenomenal works- ‘Being and Nothingness’ and ‘Critique of Dialectical Reason’- Sartre developed some shorter philosophical versions including; several screenplays, plays, and novels; essays on art and literary criticism; short stories; an autobiography; scoresRead MoreHuman Relations in Camus Novel, The Outsider, from an Existentialist View2123 Words   |  9 PagesHuman relations are very important for any human, and differ from one age to another because of the emerging of different movements across time. The human relations with God, love, society, death etc†¦ are relations that human make to live his life. I study in this paper the human relations in The Outsider novel by Albert Camus from an existentialist view. I want to study Meursault relations who is the mai n character in Albert Camus’s novel The Outsider , Meursault is being executed because he kills

Personal Statement Management

Question: Write an essay on Personal Statement? Answer: Thank you for taking your time out and reading my curriculum vitae. I am writing this application for applying in the Ph. D program in Business Administration in the University of California. I want to apply for the Ph. D program for the year, 2016. Following is my educational background and my past working experience. I am an international student from China. I completed my Masters degree in business administration from the New York University of Technology and completed my Bachelors degree with major in law and accounting. My academic goal is to complete the Ph. D so that it helps me in developing my future prospects in the companies where I will work in future. While I was pursuing the bachelors degree and the MBA program, I have worked at certain places both as a part-timer and as a full-timer employee. I have two years experience in the retail company named, WinCo Foods where I worked as an account executive. Due to my good performance as an account executive, I was promoted to the post of the accounts manager. I worked in the position of the accounts manager in the retail industry for another three years. I have also worked as a tax consultant for Ross stores which has its office at Pleasanton, California. At Ross stores, I worked for two years. I consider myself eligible for this program because of the experience that I have gained while working in different industry and in different positions. While working as accounts executive I got the best employee award three times. The award is given to an employee of the shop in every six months. As an accounts manager, I won the award of the best manger. While working as a tax consultant in Ross stores I was able to solve some of critical issues related to the tax for the company. In that year, the tax and legal and accounting department was given a special appreciation award for the solving some of the critical issues for the company. My career objective is to place myself in one of the high positions in an established company where I can use my knowledge and carry out tasks that will require competitive attitude and challenges. I hope that along with personal growth the PhD degree will help me gain some more practical knowledge so that I can work for the enhancement of an organization more effectively. I am mainly applying for this program so that it helps me in gaining knowledge about handling problems related to taxing, accounts and law more effectively. After doing the bachelors degree law and accounting, I was able to gain a good knowledge regarding the legal terms and the accounting techniques. In addition to this, the MBA degree was further helpful in making me understand the business sector. I hope that after getting the doctorate in business administration, it will help in combining the knowledge of accounting and business so that I incur more profit for the companies that will work in the future. It woul d be kind of you if you kindly accept my application for this program.

Report (3) Essays (996 words) - Metaphysics, Philosophy, Idealism

In today's America, foreign policy is a hot topic that comes with a great deal of controversy, as well as many opinions and arguments. Most of which comes from an amalgam of the many events and circumstances that have taken place in this country as well as others. Terrorist attacks, wars, a new President, with that you have only began to slightly delve into the factors of today's foreign policy climate. When it comes to topics as such, or politics in general, people usually land on one of two sides. Idealist or Realist. The typical idealist will tell you that they believe in the power of good over evil. Idealist believe that the majority of humans have good intentions, and are good people inside and out. This said, an Idealist would completely disagree with anything even relative to a travel ban, or restrictions on foreigners. They believe situations like this are unfair, or unjust. I believe in Realism. Meaning that I understand that it is in human nature for people to act in their best interests, or act in accordance with their own personal morals. Thus, the situation is what it is and must be dealt with accordingly. We can begin with the evident history of terrorism within our nation's borders. Successful and unsuccessful, there have been many attempts on the lives and well being of our citizens. These attempts have come from many sources, and if not based in foreign countries, usually inspired by recruiters from other countries. It goes without saying that this needs to be stopped. As a realist, when there is a problem at hand, you recognize it, and deal with it. An outstanding majority of these terror situations have been caused by people and groups outside of our borders. A simple solution is to limit acceptance of foreigners that may have roots in the places these attacks have come from. To an idealist this is completely wrong. But as someone who deals in facts and facts only, this is the only way to protect our soil and the many people who inhabit it. The lives of innocent men, women, and children isn't necessarily something I believe we can take risks on, or be "friendly" or "politicall y correct" about. We can't continue to unknowingly accept future murderers and terrorists with open arms. We need to thoroughly screen people attempting to gain entry into the U.S.. It may inconvenience good people but that's the price we'll pay to protect our own. The same realistic ideals apply in relation to the U.S.'s participation in other people's wars and conflicts. As a realist, I believe we should be concerned with our problems and our problems only. In regards to safety, we draw more enemies and potential threats by constantly choosing sides or participating in situations that don't directly affect us. In regards to spending, we dish out enormous amounts of money in order to have a presence in these foreign lands or fight for other countries. An idealist believes that as a nation of power it is our duty to protect and serve others. Realism has led me to believe that this is untrue. We have to do for ourselves first and foremost. We have to protect our own first and foremost. Anything that can threaten that should be eliminated from our priorities. In all aspects, I believe that these entities we assist, will always be out for themselves and will eventually abandon, if not totally betray us if necessary. Investing in shaky bonds such as these can only do us harm. In terms of the War on ISIS, I believe we should continue efforts to infiltrate and destroy all entities whose identity is based upon a threat to our homeland. Realistically speaking, many groups including ISIS exist with a purpose to end as many American lives as possible. These groups become more sophisticated, trained, and experienced by the day. Any efforts we can put forth to tarnish their presence is much needed. The threat they pose is real, their past actions were real, and their existence is real. We cannot ignore or tip-toe around it. We have to face it head on. As a realist, I believe they will

Two Party Systems

Two Party Systems Introduction The federal elections of Australia were held on Saturday 21st august 2010 for the 43rd parliament of Australia. Labor party and the coalition of liberals/national each won 72 seats, thus each falling below the 76 majority required for election victory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Party Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This resulted in a hung parliament for the first time since the 1940’s election when these two parties started dominating Australia politics. Three independent M.P’s and national party of Western Australia M.P declared support for the labor party meaning labor party formed a minority government (Radio Australia 1). This essay looks at how the 2010 Australian federal elections have demonstrated that the two party systems are no longer relevant in the society. Definition A political party is an organization of people who share the same ideas of governance and who se members are committed to party goals. They also get candidates elected to office and have laws passed to aid in party management. There are three party systems which end up making one party state, two party states and multiparty states. Australia is a two party state system as two parties have been exchanging power since 1949. They are the liberal and labor parties though there are minority parties as well (George Standards Organization 1). Democracy is a political system operating under the principles of constitutionalism, representative government, majority rule, civilian rule and minority rights (Miami Dade College 1). Two party systems is an electoral arrangement in which two or more parties compete for the support of the electorate and control of the government. Each party has a chance of winning the election. Minority parties in a two party system do not have a chance of winning the election.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A two party contest is affected by realignments and to some extend the minority parties affect the two major parties by leading to a scenario as was witnessed in Australia (PSCI 1). Political institutions are concerned with the preservation of social order within a specified authority. Examples of political institutions include political parties, trade unions, lobby groups and special interest groups. These groups constitute and define the layers of the political process together with their interdependences (University of Munchen 1). History The two party systems started back in 1891 in Australia with the rise of the labor party as a political party in 1909 after the protectionist and free traders joined hands to form the party. In 1946, the modern liberal party was formed by Sir Robert Menzies. From then it has been about two political parties competing for public votes during elections over the years. The labor p arty is oldest party in Australia today and is a social democratic party that believes in government as a positive force in the community that is free to intervene in the operation of the economy to improve outcomes. The labor party also believes that all members of society should have access to quality and affordable housing as well as education and houses (Australia History 1). The liberal party believe advocates for sustainable equality, affirmative action, social and cultural rights, believes in government’s interference in individual’s lives to ensure justice is achieved. They favor interventionist, regulated market economic policies (Australia Politics 1). Irrelevance of two party systems to our society today The two parties have divided the Australian society into two fragments. The two parties have left the society with the choice of embracing either of the ideologies of the parties making it a bit unfair as there are no varieties of ideologies apart from the t wo ideologies from the labor and liberal parties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Party Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From 1949 to date, the two major political parties have being playing an endless game of tug-of-war. The major reason for the constant switching back and forth between these two parties appears to be that the country has different needs at different times and voters tend to alternate these two parties according to their needs (Social Welfare 1). The switching of needs is not considered a good idea as those ideas which will act as the opportunity cost will still be needed to be implemented in the society. It has been argued out that the ideologies presented by both parties are significant for the growth of the Australian society and thus the two party systems which dictates that one system has to be adopted does not actually enhance justice by the fact that it denies the society one of the choices that they need (Conservative 1). Liberals believe in sustainable equality, affirmative action, social and cultural rights; they also believe in government’s interference in individual’s lives to ensure justice is achieved. They favor interventionist and regulated market economic policies (Liberal Party of Australia 1). The labor party believes in formal equality and that everyone should be treated equally under the law and government. They also believe in laissez –faire market economic policies and individuals controlling their own lives (Martin 1). Concerning the politics in Australia, it has been argued that: There can be no argument about the ubiquity, pervasiveness and centrality of party in Australia. The forms, processes and content of politics– executive, parliament, pressure groups, bureaucracy, issues and policymaking – are imbued with the influence of party, party rhetoric, party policy, and party doctrine. Government is party government. Elections are essentially party contests and the mechanics of electoral systems are determined by party policies and party advantages. Legislatures are party chambers. Legislators are overwhelmingly party members. The majority of electors follow their party identification. Politics in Australia, almost entirely, are party politics. (Marsh 1)Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two party systems were based on electoral and organizational foundations. It is where activists and interest groups were brought together through party forums. Activists and special interest groups were allowed into party conferences and committees to influence formation of strategic political agenda. Actually the parties through the party brands gave enough cues for the formation of opinion by most electors on most issues. This led to strategic policy developments which were internalized within the two major parties. Today, these developments that greatly shaped the strong foundational features of the bi-party system dominance have been undermined and in some instances left out completely (Rush 1). The Australian society is growing in diversity shown by the proliferation of interest groups and social movements. These new groups of social movements show citizen identities’ in a new diversity not experienced before. These groups are not equal in terms of size, political sk ills, budgets, organizational sophistication and campaigning capacities. These groups are durable and they represent and sustain an interest for a long time seeking to persuade the undecided. These groups of organizations fill the void between the two political parties and the community. Most of these new groups advocate either for new issues or are defenders of traditional approaches like the anti-abortion and anti-euthanasia groups. Hence, party activists nowadays don’t have strong allegiance to one or other party and the way issues are introduced in the national stage has shifted. Today party forums are no longer the principal ground for activists. Party’s internal process no longer provides the means for acceptability of proposals or for seeding opinion formation (Marsh 1). The two party systems tend to distort national capabilities to mostly inform the public on long term issues. There are three different restraints that work towards derailing an informed discussi on on long term issues. They arise from the dynamics of the electoral contest between the two parties, second is the way the formal system distributes responsibilities of dealing with long term issues and lastly information available to guide public opinion about policy needs and priorities (Marsh 1). The two party systems has brought in one major deficiency in the form of fake enmity where the government declares a contentious issue to be white and public opinion is mostly divided or uncertain; the likely outcome is that the opposition will declare it to be black. As in early times, if the opposition was the government today, they would have supported a similar approach (March 1). What happens is that when public opinion is divided, the opposition tends to see this as a chance to gain from the public by going the popular way by championing contrasting views even if what they are championing for is not all that good for the public; all they care for is political impact (Australia Po litics 1). Today there is an â€Å"overlap in and convergence between the agendas of political parties and the initiative in promoting agendas is shared with other organizations. Issues only come to the arena after the government has decided what to do which encourages posturing and attention to electoral advantage† (Australia Politics 1). This leads to the two major political parties creating differences even when they do not exist hence these two major parties make issues that they know will shift debate away from matters that lack national importance (Australia Politics 1). The two party competition systems has also led to the inability to have public conversation and debates about long term issues mostly caused by organizational features of the formal making structure (Theodore and Romance 20). This is caused by an executive overload where a small number of people determine what issues will have standing on the formal political agenda. The leaders involved in setting the agenda include the prime minister, senior ministers and heads of major coordinating departments. Their work involves day to day running of the country and ministerial work plus running the departments and yet they control the recognition and management of strategic issues which later translates to a weak capacity of the system to process issues mostly in a strategic phase (March 1). The second deficiency of the two party systems lies in lack of access for interests groups and social movements to engage the attention of the formal system. These groups do have access and means to bring out and argue their issues but they face two problems (Disch 23). The first problem arises when they are arguing their case one-on-one basis and second is when such access is highly imbalanced. A good illustration is where regular access is given to the chief executive officers of Australian banks having access to the federal treasurer; this access is not granted to consumer organizations or the unions. The other problem arises where groups advocating a particular course of action have no venue where their views can be tested against those of others. This leads to sustained lobbying campaigns to develop public pressure as their views are not heard by the major parties (Marsh 1). When there is a disconnect between the two political parties, a challenge arises in the form of focusing on specific party disagreements which leads to lack of focus on important national issues and long term issues: â€Å"the corrupt farce that is our two-party system should be dismantled; parties give us temptations to attack opponents, become demagogues, and garner followers, distracting us from seeking the true good of the country† (Conservative 1). The two-party setup in Australia has divided the nation among two lines. Having names and labels for different political persuasions can be helpful, but they have too often led to pigeonholing and name-calling which hampers a free exchange of ideas. â€Å"Liberal and labor, conservative and liberal, right and left† (Conservative 1) have degenerated into terms used to ostracize and vilify the opposition and to stifle discussion of topics deemed politically incorrect. Conclusion The two parties system is comprised and does not offer the best choice for the public. It has been seen that this system offers a nation two choices to choose from. In such kind of a situation, the public has to forgo one of the options which might not necessarily be wrong. There is a need for the system to be changed as the two parties system does not seem to fully address the issues affecting a nation. The issue of the party having equally votes after elections have been carried out also matters and such a tie is not likely to happen in case of a single party system or a multi-party system. Australian History. Australian History: Political History. Australian History, n.d. Web. Australian Politics. Federal Elctions. Australia Politics, 2011. Web . https://australianpolitics.com/ Conservative. Conservative Intellectual, 2011. Political Cortex, 2007. Web. Disch, Lisa. The tyranny of the two-party system. New York: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. Georgia Standards Organisation. Politics. Georgia standards, n.d. https://www.georgiastandards.org/Pages/default.aspx Liberal party of Australia. Politics. Party Politics. Liberal party of Australia, n.d. Web. https://www.liberal.org.au/ Marsh, Ian. what-next-for-the-two-party-system. CPD Organization, 2010. Web. https://cpd.org.au/2010/08/what-next-for-the-two-party-system/ Martin, Nick. Australia Politics. ALP, 2011. Web. https://www.alp.org.au/ Miami Dade College. Political Economic System. Miami Dade College, 2005. Web. PSCI. Two Party Sytem. PSCI, 2011. Web. http://politicalscience.unt.edu/ Radio Australia. Australia Politics. Radio Australia, 2011. Web. https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/ Rush, Ian. Politics. Australia Politics, 2011. Web. Social Welfare. The Two Party System. S ocial Welfare, 2011. Web. intellectualconservative.com/ Theodore, Lowi and Romance, Joseph. A republic of parties: debating the two-party system. New York: Cengage Learning, 1998. Print. University of Munchen. Politics. University of Munchen, 2005. May 25, 2011. https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3165/1/Boerner_Kira_Astrid.pdf

Rome Example

Rome Example Rome – Coursework Example Rome Rome The fall of the Ancient Rome started as long as 190 AD. The main reason that contributed to the fall of Rome was disunity in the military and poor administration of the empire. The Roman Army did spread all over in the Western Europe, and each section of the army was governed with different ideas and leadership. Notably, each part of the army needed a different person for an emperor. In fact, one part of the army could fight and make its member an emperor after which another part of the army could wedge a war on the army in power and put its own member in power (Markel, 2008). Between 211 and 284 AD, twenty-three soldier emperors had governed Roman Empire and rival army killed twenty of these emperors. The lack of law and order in the ancient Roman Empire contributed to its fall. Later in 284 AD, Rome was divided into smaller empires including the Western and Eastern Empire that the Diocletian though could be easy to govern. Different leaders with different and distinct geo logical and responsibilities led a different empire (Markel, 2008). Nonetheless, more administrative problems rose, and more military defense were needed across the Rome Empire; thus, there was a need to recruit more military. However, the empire did not have enough money to sustain the military and other administrative matters. Therefore, it increased taxed thereby increasing prices of goods and services offered to people. These military and administrative steps made the Romans lose confidence in the leadership of the empire. Additionally, the Roman army lost its glory and power to defend and protect the empire, when other tribes including the Ostrogoth raided Rome, the army could not defend the empire, and Romans could only make deals with these tribes (Markel, 2008). These are among the factors that contributed to fall or the powerful Roman Empire.ReferenceMarkel, R. J. (2008).  The fall of the Roman Empire. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books.

Understand the role of personal selling with marketing strategy Essay

Understand the role of personal selling with marketing strategy - Essay Example The face-to-face interactions experienced in this type of selling allow the sales people to observe the specific reactions of consumers to specific products. Sales people act as product introducers, brilliant communicators and demand pushers as they add exclusive utility to the commodities and services they are selling. These people play a very important role in determining the success of the marketing strategy of the company that they work for (Marks, 2008, p.5). Personal selling can be considered to be a form of product or service promotion (The Times 100, 2012). As they meet with the clients/consumers, sales people are expected to carry out a product promotion exercise through the employment of the right attitude, proper appearance and above all share some specialist knowledge about the product with the customer. They can tell the customer about the importance of using the product and how to use it. Personal selling is happens every day and everywhere, for instance, things that ar e sold through the counter like cosmetics or on the departmental stores. According to Balsley and Birsner (2007, p. 88), products which are highly priced and with technical features such as photocopiers, fridges and cars, require personal selling where a customer can get a chance to ask questions on the usage of the product. Promotion mix strategies do not aim at satisfying only the prospective or regular customers, but also aim at other customers who are ignorant of the product as well as those who are aware of the product and have the ability to buy it (Kotler, 2006, p.248). Let us consider a person who is unaware of computer operations but wants to buy a computer. Such a person will go out in search of computer information; he/she will pay attention to computer adverts, will attend computer exhibitions, computer company reputations or even contact sales people from different computer companies. Consequently, the aim of promotions is to reach out for new customers, retain the curr ent customers, reward loyal customers and even induce the buying action (Marketing Knowledge Center, 2009). Personal selling may be the most appropriate in achieving this since it involves direct contact between the sales people and the consumers. For any marketing strategy to succeed, a thorough understanding of consumer buying behavior has to be done (Balsley and Birsner, 2007, p. 91). Without such type of understanding a company may not know what exactly their customers want or even how much they supply to the market. Buying can take two forms: the common consumer buying and also the organizational buying such as retail outlets. Consumers buy their products specifically for personal use thus most companies are usually concerned about consumers’ reactions to their marketing efforts. For instance a company needs to know how pricing their products may affect their consumers (The Times 100, 2012). In cases where the consumer market is very price sensitive which means a small a lteration on price will have a very high impact on sales, a company will need to adopt appropriate pricing strategies. A lot of theories have been put forward in order to explain consumer buying behaviors. The buying behavior model which studies the buyer’s black box (Zandl and Leonard, 2002, p. 106). The black box contains external stimuli which influence his/her buying decisions as well as buying characteristics. Moreover, it contains buyers’ responses that are determinants of his/her attitude, product choice and amount to purchase and when. The model presents some of the key factors that influence a buyer’s buying decision. To start with, are the sociological factors which include